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KHILAFAT MOVEMENT  Khilafat Movement  Gandhi's influence on the Muslim population was remarkable. This was evident in his involvement in the Khilafat Movement. After the first World War, the Muslims feared for the safety of their Caliph or religious leader and a worldwide protest was being organised to fight against the collapsing status of the Caliph. Gandhi became a prominent spokesperson of the All India Muslim Conference and returned the medals he had received from the Empire during his Indian Ambulance Corps days in South Africa. His role in the Khilafat made him a national leader in no time. NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT  Gandhi had realised that the British had been able to came  in India only because of the co-operation they received from the Indians. Keeping this in mind, he called for a non-cooperation movement. With the Congress' support and his indomitable spirit, he convinced people that peaceful non-cooperation was the key to Independence. The Rowlett ...

Fundamental rights of indian constitution is given in part 3rd of indian constitution.Fundamental Rights protect the liberties and freedom of the citizens against any invasion by the state, and prevent the establishment of authoritarian and dictatorial rule in the country. They are very essential for the all-around development of individuals and the country. Given below are the fundamental rights given by Indianconstitution :-  1. Right to Equality (Art. 14-18) Article 14 represents the idea of equality, which states that the state shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. Equality before the law is guaranteed to all without regard to race, colour, or nationality.  (Article 15): Non-discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth  Article 15 states that the state shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, caste, sex, place of birth, o...

1 . Two or more Singular Subjects connected by and usually take a Verb in the Plural. For example, Incorrect- Sham and Ram is here.  Correct- Sham and Ram are here. 2. If two Singular Nouns refer to the same person or thing, the Verb must be Singular. Incorrect- The vice principal and Principal are coming. Correct- The vice principal qand Principal is coming. (Here the same person is .vice  principal as well as Principal) 3. If the Singular Subjects are preceded by each or every, the Verb is usually Singular. For example, Incorrect- Every boy and girl were ready. Correct- Every boy and girl was ready. 4. Two or more Singular Subjects connected by or, nor, either ..... or, neither .... nor take a Verb in the Singular. For example, Incorrect- Neither he nor I were there. Correct- Neither he nor I was there. 5. When the Subjects joined by 'or/nor are of different numbers, the Verb must be Plural, and the Plural Subject must be placed next to the Verb. For example, lncorrect- Neit...

Gandhi Irwin pact ,1931 Early in 1931, Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India made an appeal to Gandhi to help in promoting friendly  relations between the Indian and British people. He also persuaded the leaders of the Congress to attend the  Second Round Table Conference, As goodwill gesture the Viceroy ordered the release of Gandhi and other  important leaders. Following his release in February 1931, Gandhi held talks with Irwin. The outcome of the  negotiations between Gandhi and Irwin was the Gandhi-Irwin pact signed on 5th March 1931. According to  this pact: The Government agreed to withdraw all ordinances and pending prosecutions against the political  workers, to release all political prisoners who were not guilty of violence, to restore the confiscated property  of the satyagrahis, to permit peaceful picketing of shops selling liquor, foreign goods etc. In return Gandhi  agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement and participate in th...

Non-cooperation Movement Gandhi had realised that the British had been able to came in India only because of the co-operation they  received from the Indians. Keeping this in mind, he called for a non-cooperation movement. With the  Congress' support and his indomitable spirit, he convinced people that peaceful non-cooperation was the key  to Independence. The Rowlett act was passed on 21 march 1919 condemned as ‘the black act ‘ and an  agitation was started in its protest. Gandhiji took this Act as an open challenge to the Indians. On 24th March  1919,Gandhi ji founded the satyagraha Sabha in Bombay and its branches were opened in Gujrat ,Sindh and  many other places . It’s member took pledge to disobey the Rowlett act ,to know truth and restrain from  violence. Gandhiji gave a call for an all -India hartal on 30th March which was later postponed to 6 April  1919 ,in protest of the Rowlett act. Gandhiji was arrested and his trusted volunteers cou...

In the financial world, risk management is the process of identification, analysis, and acceptance or mitigation of uncertainty in investment decisions. Essentially, risk management occurs when an investor or fund manager analyzes and attempts to quantify the potential for losses in an investment, such as a moral hazard, and then takes the appropriate action given the fund's investment objectives and risk tolerance. Risk is inseparable from return. However, in the investment world, risk is necessary and inseparable from desirable performance. Types of Risk Management?  The risk is divided into 2 categories that is systematic risk and unsystematic risk.  Systematic risk is also known as market risk as it affect a large number of total market .  .Other common types of systematic risk can include interest rate risk, inflation risk, currency risk, liquidity risk, country risk, and sociopolitical risk. On other hand, unsystematic risk is 'specific risk ' or stoc...

GDP  Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period. Current GDP of India is $2.10 trillion. As a broad measure of overall domestic production, it functions as a comprehensive scorecard of a given country’s economic health. The concept of GDP was first proposed in 1937 in a report to the U.S. Congress in response to the Great Depression, conceived of and presented by an economist at the National Bureau of Economic Research, Simon Kuznets. At the time, the preeminent system of measurement was GNP. After the Bretton Woods conference in 1944, GDP was widely adopted as the standard means for measuring national economies, although ironically, the U.S. continued to use GNP as its official measure of economic welfare until 1991, after which it switched to GDP.Gross domestic product (GDP) is the monetary value of all finished goods and services made within...

Law of demand The law of demand states that " other things being constant the higher the price of the commodity,  smaller is the quantity demanded and lower the price of the commodity larger is the quantity demanded . The law of demand has been explained by Alfred Marshall in his book ' Principles of economics '.  The law of demand explains change in the behaviour of consumer demand due to various changes in price. Marshall's Law Of demand describes functional relation between demand and It can be expressed as D= f (P) that is demand price.function of price. The relation between price and demand is inverse, because larger quantity is demanded when price falls and smaller quantity will be demanded when price rises. Key points:-  ● The law demand says higher the quantity demand of commodity then lower will be the price.  ● demand and price have inverse relationship.  ● law of demand explained by Alfred Marshall in his book " principle of economics ". Why de...

Authority   The authority is known as that power which is legitimized in nature. Power is known as ability to influence others behaviour; Authority is the right to influence other’s behaviour.    Nature of Authority : “The right or the capacity or both to have proposals or prescriptions or instructions accepted without recourse to persuasion, bargaining or force”. As per the Oxford Dictionary of Politics- The term in the Authority   means:-   the power or right to give orders and enforce obedience, the power to influence others based on recognised knowledge or expertise. R. S. Peters’ definition is: “Authority is derived from the Latin word   auctor. … An auctor is he who brings about the existence of any object or promotes the increase or prosperity of it whether he first originates it, or by his efforts gives greater permanence or continuance to it” In the opinion of MacIver “By authority we mean the established right within any social order t...